Speed-gage.



L. A. GASGRAIN. 4

SPEED GAGE.

APPLICATION PILEDVIJUNE 18, 1909.

1,042,890. Patented Oct. 29,1912.

3 SHEETS-BHEBT 1.

a; 5% 9 17 Fig.2. z; )2 15 L. A. CASGRAIN.

SPEED GAGE. APPLICATION/FILED JUNE 18, 1909. 1,042,890. Patented 001.29. 1912 3 SHEETS SHJILI 2.

mmnmmw 1| I12 V611 m1:

L. A. GASGRAIN SPEED GAGE. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 18 1909 24 46A 47 ya Patented Get. 29, 1912.

ESEEETBSHEET 3v the speed gage LOUIS A. CASGRAIN, 0E BEVERLY, MASSACHUSETTS.

SPEED-GAGE. 1

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 29, 19i2.

Application filed June 18, 19%9. Serial No. 502,875.

afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such-as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertams to make and use the same.

The present invention relates to speed gages, and more particularly to speed gages adapted for use on automobiles and similar" vehicles. I

The purpose of the present invention is to improve, in certain particulars which will be hereinafter more specifically referred to, forming the subjectnnatter of my Patent No. 962,622, granted June 28, 1910, and with this object in view thepresent invention, consists in the devices and combinations of devices hereinafter described and more particularly defined in the claims.

In the accoi'npanying drawings which illustrate what is now considered the pre ferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 shows in oblique perspective the speed gage assembled; Fig. 2 is a vertical medial section of the same;'Fig. 3 is an oblique perspective of the indicating cylinder of the gage and, a portion of its actuating mechanism; Fig. 4 is an elevation of the coiled spring against the tension .of which the indicatin cylinder is rotated; ,Fig. 5 is a horizonta section on line 5-'5,

Fig. 2; Fig. 6 is a transverse vertical section of amodification of the gage; Fig. 7 shows partly in'elevation and partly in section, the construction of flexible shaft for actuating the gage from one of the road wheels of the vehicle or automobile; Fig. 8 is a Side elevation of the gears by means of which the shaft is driven, showing the clips for attaching the large or driving gear to thehub of the wheel of. the vehicle; Fig. '5) illustrates a method of mounting the upon an automobile; Fig. 10 is a View, mostly in vertical section, showing the swiveling con nections between the driving gears and the flexible shaft; Fig. 11 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a portion of the ac tnating' mechanism contained in the proper; Fig. 12 is an enlarged perspective of a portion of said. mechanism; and Fig. 13 1S a sectional viewthrough the intermeshing teeth of the driving gears showing the cutting away or beveling of the bottomof the spaces between'tlie teeth to enable the gears to force out laterally any dust or dirt that may tend to collect between them. The speed gage whichconstitutes the subect-matter of the present invention, like that shown in my patent above referred to, s of that type or class in which one member s turned against a yielding resistance by means of the drag exerted by a rotating member actuated by the object of which the speed is to be indicated. Such drag may be created magnetically, or by a fluid, or in any other suitable manner. In the drawings of the present application, as well as in those of the prior patent, the gage is shown as designed to operate with a fluid, although a modification is illustrated in onefigure in which magnetism is employed.

The speed gage shown in the accompanying drawings, like that disclosed in my prior I patent, comprises an indicating cylinder 1 whichis mounted to turn upon and move longitudinally along the fixed sleeve 3 by means of the pin or roll 5 projecting from the collar 6 rigidly secured to the hub 01' sleeve 2 upon which the cylinder isrigidly mounted, said pin 5 engaging the heiicai groove 4 formed on the outer surface of the fixed sleeve 3. The indicating cylinder 1 is adapted to be moved against the resistance of the flat coiled springi, one end of which is secured to the cylinder, while the other end is attached to a fixed sleeve 71 upon the sleeve 3. This spring, it will be noted,operates as a closed spring, that isrot'ationof the indicating cylinder against the spring, acts to open or uncoil the same. In this respect the gage of the present application differs essentially from that shown and described in my prior patent, in which the spring acts as an open spring, being coiled or wound up when the cylinder is rotated by the positivelydriven member. The use of a closed spring in placeof an open spring is a feature of considerable importance, since it renders the instrument much more sensitive and accurate, due, it is believed, to the fact that there is little if any sliding of the adjacent eonvolutions' of the spring upon each other, as probably is the case where "the spring is boiled insteadof uncoiled when the cylinder is turned against-.the resistance thereof. This spring further differs from i the spring shown in my prior patent in that a number of the larger or outer convolutions are provided with a series of holes 4-1 punched therein, thus removing a portion of the body of the spring and rendering these convolutions more flexible and sensitive thanother portions of the spring. This affords a very convenient and simple mannor of providing a spring of variable tension or resistance in different portions of its length without *arying the outer dimensions thereof.

The indicating cylinder 1 is rotated, generally speaking in the same manner as is shown and described in my patent above referrcd to, an actuating fluid such as kerosene or any other suitable liquid being provided which normally submerges the cylinder 1 and fills the lower portion of chamher 120 and which is driven around within the gage by means of vanes 8 on the gear 9 which is rigidly mounted upon the sleeve 25 free to turn upon the fixed rod 19 centrally supported in the gage, all as shown in said patent. The mechanism for actuating gear 9 diifers, however, in some respects, from that shown in said patent, and comprises a gear 10 rigidly fixed upon or integral with the sleeve 11 rotatably mounted upon the vertical fixed bearing sleeve 13 and driven from the vertical shaft 12 by suitable pawl and ratchet mechanism, said shaft in turn being driven by the flexible shaft. one end of which connected with one of the wheels of the vehicle, all as will be more fully set forth hereinafter.

As described in my iatent the indicating cylinder 1 is provided on its interior with longitudinal baffles 1:: formed integral with the radiating arms 15, by means of which the cylinder is supported upon the sleeve 2. When the vehicle is in motion the blades or vanes 8 are driven at a speed proportionate to the speed of the vehicle. and cause the actuating fluid to rotate within the gage with a force also proportionate to the speed. The rotating fluid as it impinges upon the batlles on the cylinder drags the latter around with it until the force exerted by the fluid is just balanced by the resistance of the spring, when the cylinder comes to rest where it will remain until a variation in the speed of the vehicle either increases or diminishes the force exerted by the fluid, and advances the cylinder still further or allows it to rotate backward under the forcetin;

and opposite the pointers or !l}t..l.S 24 to indicate the speed of the veh -le at any given instant. By providing the c 1g member 17 with the glass cylinder 22 which is clamped tightly between the packing rings 23 at each 1 end by means of the screw 20, the escape of the actuating fluid through the window is prevented.

In the gage-of my prior patent the indicating characters or graduations were applied to the surface of the indicating cylinder atregular and predetermined distances apart along a helix, the tension or force of the spring at various portions of its length being subsequently varied or adjusted so that the proper character would he brought op-- upon the cylinder at the proper points to bring each character exactly opposite the pointers when the vehicle attains the speed indicated by that character. As a result, the characters as shown in Fig. are spaced at irregular and varying distances apart along the helix, but since only a small number of characters are ever visible at one and the same time through the window, such variation in spacing is unobjectionable.

In order to prevent the accidental rotation of the indicating cylinder in a backward direction'be vond the Zero pointof the instrument, a stop has been provided in the form of the screw 42 secured in the fixed sleeve 3 and adapted to be engaged by the shoulder 129, on the sleeve 2 of the cylinder.

In the speed gage of my patent the actuating fluid had a tendency to work out and escape around the vertical shaft of the gage which was driven by the flexible shaft. This was probably due to the working up of the fluid between the integral sleeve and gear on such shaft and the fixed bearing upon which they turned. In the gage of the present application this tendency of the fluid to escape has been overcome by the following changes in this portion of the mechanism. The sleeve ulrrying the gear 10, instead of having a plain cylindrical surface as in my patent, is provided at its lower portion with a helical rib 111, which, during the forward rotation of the vehicle turns in the direction of the arrow (see Fig. 2), thus continuously forcing downwardly the fluid in the lower portion of chamber 120 within which the sleeve turns. The upper portion of the sleeve is provided with an enlarged have no tendency to rise cylindrical portion 4 1 having the aperture .15 somewhat larger transversely than the diameter of the bearing sleeve 13 upon which the sleeve is mounted. This aperture serves to interrupt the continuity of the bearing surface of the rotating sleeve 11 on the fixed bearing sleeve 13 so that the oil or fluid which is worked and carried upward between the rotating and fixed sleeves will higher, but instead will flow on to the surface 44-4; forming the bottom ofthe aperture 15 and under the centrifugal action due to the rotation of the sleeve will finally be discharged from the outer edges of said bottom surface on to the walls of the chamber, finally fiowing under the action of gravity within the field of action of the helical rib 111 and'being returned to the main body of oil or fluid in cal rib 111 to lift the the gage.

In order to prevent rotation of the sleeve 11 in the reverse direction when the vehicle moves backwardly, and thuscause the helifluid instead of forcing it downwardly, connections have been provided between the vertical shaft 12 and the rotating sleeve 11 whereby the latter will be driven by the former only when the vehicle-is moving in a forward direction, the sleeve remaining stationary when the direction of rotation of the shaft 12. is reversed. These connections comprise a collars? having the annular groove 470, the collar being secured to the upper end of the shaft 12 by the pin 471. A section of the outer wall of this groove is cutaway to receive the pawl 46 which is normally pressed radially out ward by the spring 461. A shoulder 418 is provided on the inner wall of the upper end of the rotating sleeve 11, the arrangement of these parts being such that when the shaft 12, and with it the collar 47, are r0- tated in anticlockwise direction, viewing the parts as shown in Figs. 5 and 12, by a backward movementof the vehicle, the pawl will simply snap offthe shoulder 48 withoutrotating the sleeve 11. When, however, the

- shaft 12 is rotated in the opposite direction,

the end of the pawl 46 will engage the shoulder 48 and the sleeve 11 will be turned by the shaft 12. I

The rotating sleeve 11 is held from endwise movementby means of the washer 40 having the spring prongs or fingers 101 which are engaged by the cap or cover 37 for this portion of secured to the body of the gage by soldering or in any other suitable manner after the parts are assembled. This washer 40 also prevents the escape of fluid into the upper end of the chamber when the gage is tipped on its side during shipment or at any other time before it is permanently attached in proper position on the vehicle.

The bottom of the collar 47 is held in close the gage, and which is" engagement with the top surface of the fixed sleeve 13 by means of the spring 50, one end of which engages the washer 19 which surrounds loosely the shaft 12, while the other end engages the worm 29 secured upon said shaft, the close contact of the col lar 47 upon the upper end of the fixed sleeve 13 preventing the leakage of the fluid or oil between these parts when the gage is turned upon its side or inverted during shipment or some other time before it is permanently attached in proper position upon the vehicle. It will be noted that the upper portion of chamber 120 provides an expansion space or chamber of sufficient size to permit the ex pansion of the fluid under all increases of temperature to which it might be subjected without raising the level of the fluid so high that it will escape through the hearing.

The gage of the present application, like that of my patent, is provided with an odometer or a distance recorder. Any convenient form of device may be employed which will be located in a separate compartment of the gage, the indicating characters of which may read through windows in the wall or cover 18. The device is actuated from the worm 29 througlrsuitable gearing such as the gear 32 upon the shaft 31, gear 33 upon the fixed rod 35 and gear 34tmeshing therewith, all substantially as shown in my prior patent.

A convenient method of mounting my improved speed gage is shown in Fig. 9 in which two members 67 and 68 are provided with holes through which passes the clamping bolt 69 which screws into the body of the gage. These members are also provided with spherical bearing faces which engage the spherical head 70 of the bracket 71 secured by screws 7 2 to the inclined foot board 73 of the vehicle, the head 7 0 having a relatively large hole through which the bolt 69 passes. .This form of attachment permits the gage to be mounted in proper vertical position throughout a considerable range of variation in inclination-of the foot board of the vehicle. As described in my patent, both portions of the gage, not only the one which carries the speed indicating devices, but also the one which carries the odometer, are adapted to be adjusted to radial position.

In Fig. 6 is shown in vertical transverse section a modified form of gage in which, instead of employing vanes and battles and an actuating fluid, the indicating cylinder is rotated against the resistance of the yielding spring by the magnetic drag exerted by the magnet rotated in close proximity to bars of suitable material. In this figure the annular magnet 58 with the gap 59 between its poles is rotated positively in close proximity to the iron strips or vanes 14 secured any desired driven, as is commonly the practice with or rod 19, the long bearing sleeve 25 for the positively rotating member, the fixed groove sleeve 8, the glass cylinder 22 and the outer metallic casing 17, all are constructed and arranged as heretofore described. l The flexible shaft, which transmits mol tion from the wheel or other rotating parts i of the vehicle to the vertical shaft 12, is 1 formed, as shown in Fig. 7, of spirally, wound spring wire 51 which at each end is provided with some convenient means of atl tachment, such as the cylindrical piece 56, one end of which is secured to the end of the flexible shaft 51 by soldering or in any other convenient manner, while the other end is provided with a slot 5? adapted to l receive a driving pin such as the pin 5T0 fixed in the end of shaft 12 (see Fig. 2). The flexible shaft is inclosed within a. flexible casing formed of closely coiled round wire 54- upon which is tightly sewn or otherwise secured a cover of leather or other suitable material. The use of round wire for the casing instead of fiat or square wire, as has heretofore been the practice, affords a very simple, neat and etlicient means for se-' curing to the ends of the casing of the, shaft the brass mountings or fittings by means of which the casing is attached at one end to the gage and at the other to the swiveling connect-ions, shortly to be described. One of these mountings is shown at 55 in Fig. 7 and is screw-threaded on its interior for a portion of its length with the proper size and number of threads. The extreme end of the fitting is preferably counterbored as at 54+ to receive the end of the leather cover 53. Before final assembling, the interior of the casing'of the flexible shaft will be packed with grease or other suitable lubricant which, by reason of the leather cover and the close fitting brass ends, is pre vented from escaping during use,

The flexible shaftv for the speed gage is these devices when employed upon automo' biles, from one of the front or steering wheels by means of two gears, one fixed upon and rotating with the wheel and the other supported in a bearing rigidly mount ed upon the steering arm or knuckle of the wheel. The relatively large gear which is mounted upon the wheel, has heretofore generally been-attached by means of special screwslor bolts which pass through the body of the gear into the inner end of the hub. Although the holes for these screws or bolts are positioned as accurately as possible, considerable difiiculty has been experienced even when the greatest skill and care has been exercised, in mounting this gear exactly concentrically with the hub of the wheel, any eccentricity, however small, resulting in improper meshing of the gears, which not only causes uneven and undue I in the wear upon the teeth of the same, but his? render the same objectionably noisy.

Automobile wheels as at present usually constructed have wooden spokes and metallic hubs comprising two or more parts, all. rigidly secured together by a plurality of bolts in the end of the hub. inasmuch as these differentparts are made exactly to size so that they are interchangeable, the bolts on any particular hub are very exactly and evenly spaced. This fact has been taken advantage of as affording a simple and convenient method of securing con centric mounting of the gear upon the hub by means of a number of links of exactly the same length pivoted at one end to ,the body of the gear and having holes at their other ends through which thcsr bolts in the hub of the wheel may be passed. I n Fig. 8 the wheel gear is shown in the .i'orm of a ring 60 having teeth upon its outer periphery.

The links Gt for attaching the gear to the hub of the wheel are shown as three in number, which are pivoted to the body of the gear at one end by the rivets G5, the holes I gear for the rivets being drilled at exactly the same distance from the axis of the gear and at either 72 or 144 apart, the gear shown being designed for attachment to a hub having five bolts. In the free end of each link is drilled the hole (56, each at exactly the same. distance from its rivet o To attach this'gear to the hub of the 1 wheel it is only necessary to remove three of the bolts from the hub, turn the links- 64 about their pivots until the hole (3G in each of the links registers with one of the holes in the hub, and then r'einsert thebolts.

Since the links are all of exactly the same length, are pivoted at exactly the same distance from the axis of the gear and at the same angular distance from each other as are the bolts, the gear will necessarily be concentrically mounted upon the hub of the wheel.

If the gear is mounted upon a wheel having six or eight bolts, the links would be attached at an angular distance apart of 60 or 45, or some multiple thereof, respectively.

if desired, the large gear may be made up with the links attached at the proper angular distances ror wheeLs having a varying number of bolts in their hubs. or the links may be attached at the proper points after purchase and just before attachment,

the accurate borin of the holes in the ear ating the flexible-shaft, however, is'objec tionable, since it puts not only the shaft but the casing as well, under constantly arying strains and stresses, develops excessive friction, and tends to cause undue wear of the parts. These obj in the present" construction by providing swiveling connections between the driven shaft which avoids all strains and pressures due to the steering n'iovements of the wheel from which the speed gage is driven.

As shown in Fig. 10, the small or driven gear 62 is rigidly attached to one end of the shaft 88 provided with the central bore 86 and carrying at its other end the beveled gear 85, said shaft being mounted to turn freely in a bearing in the bracket 89. Adjustably mounted upon the reduced portion concentric with said shaft, and adapted to be secured thereon in desired position by the clamping bolt 87, is the bearing member 82 carrying the hollow shaft 81 upon which are fixed at its lower end the beveled gear 83 meshing with gear 85, and at its upper end the beveled gear. 80 meshing with gear 77. Rotatably mounted upon the reduced vertical portion of the bearing member 82 is the -L-shaped member 75 secured to said member 82 by the pin or rod 7 6 passing through the hollow shaft 81 and fastened at its lower end by the nut 84. Rotatably mounted in the horizontal portion of the L-shaped member 75 is the shaft 78, one end of which carries the gear 77, while the other end is attached in any suitable manner to the flexible shaft 51, the fitting 52 on the end of the casing of the sh ait being clamped within the enlarged end ofsuch horizontal portion of member by means'of the clamping pin 79. The screw plug 74 affords a simple and convenient means for introducing oil or grease or lubricant for the moving parts.

The bracket 89 which carriesthe small gear 62 is provided with the arm 90 upon which the clamp 92 is secured by theiclamping bolt 91, the clamp in turn being fastened upon thesteering arm 94 ofthe knuckle by means of the clamping members 93 and 95.

i From the above description it is apparent that after the bracket 89 has been properly adjusted to bring the small gear into mesh ections have been overcome other l l l l actual breakage, of the parts.

described as applied with'the large gear 60, the member 82 may be secured inany desir-edposition by means oi the adjusting bolt 87. Since the L-shaped men'iber 75 is free to turn upon the bearing member 82, a movement of the steering wheel in one direction or the other as the vehicle is turned upon its course, will result in a corresponding relative movement between the two bearing members 75 and 82 without any appreciable flexing or bending of the :tlexibleshatt 51. All undue strains and friction are thus avoided -and the flexure or bending of the flexible shaft is reduced to a minimum and remains substantially constant irrespective of whether the vehicle is proceeding in a straight line orturning sharply in one direction or another. The driving gears for speed and similar devices at present mounted upon automobiles are entirely exposed and tend to collect mud and dust, particularly between the gear teeth, and unless removed will cause the teeth of one gear to bottom in the other gear, resulting in undesirable noise and excessive strain and Wear, it not This tendency to collect material between the teeth of the gear is avoided in my improved form of speed gage by rendering the gears self cleaning, as it were, so that any material which would ordinarily be packed down in thebottom of the spaces betweenthe adjacent teeth will be forced out sidewise. This is accomplished by cutting away or beveling on one side or the other the bottom of these spaces, as shown at 61 and 63, Figs. 8 and 13.

\Vhile my improved speed gage has been to an automobile, it is apparentthat it is equally adaptable for use upon other vehicles, or for indicating the speed of. other objects.

Having thus described vention, what is claimed is:

1. A speed gage, having, in combination, a fixed member, a movable member arranged to be rotated and to be moved along the axis of rotation, one of said members being provided with a series of gfluluationsto indicate a given range of speeds, and the other of said members being provided with n'ieansto indicate the ymrticular graduation corresponding to the speed attained by the object the speed of which is to .be indicated, means actuated by the object for exerting a rotative force on the movable member, means for moving said member along the axis of rotation when said member is rotated, and a closed spiral spring having one end secured in fixed position and the other end attached to the movable member, said spring acting in opposition to said rotative force to cause the movable uieuilwr to be rotated and to be moved along the axis of rotation as the :speed of the object the present invaries to cause said members to indicate the speed attained, substantially as described.

2. A speed gage, having, in combination, a fixed member, a movable member comprising an open-ended cylinder, said movable member being arranged to be rotated and to be moved along the axis of rotation, one of said members being provided with a series of graduations to indicate a given range of speeds and the other of said members being provided with means to indicate the particular graduation corresponding to the speed attained by the object the speed of which is to be indicated, means actuated by the object for exerting a rotative force upon the mo able member, means for moving said 7 member along the axis of rotation when said member is rotated, and a closed conical spiral spring having one end secured in fixed position and its other end secured within the open end of the cylinder, said spring acting in opposition to said rotative force to cause the movable member to be rotated and to be moved along the axis of rotation as the speed oi the object varies to cause said members to indicate the speed attained, substantially as described.

3. ll. speed gage, having, in combination, a rotatable member, a fixed member, one of said members being provided with a series oi graduations to indicate a given range of speeds, and the other of said members being provided with means to indicate the particular graduation corresponding to the speed attained by the object the speed of which is to be indicated, means actuated by the object for exerting a rotative force upon the rotat-able member, and a spiral spring provided with a plurality of holes for port-ion of its length acting on said rotatable mem' her in opposition to said rotative force to cause the rotatable member to rotate as the speed of the object varies to cause said members to indicate the speed attained, substan' tially as described.

A speed gage, having, in combination, a rotatable member, a fixed member, one of said members being provided with a series of graduations to indicate a given range of speeds, and the other of said members being provided with means ,to' indicate the particular graduatfon corresponding to the speed attained by the object the speed of which is to be indicated, means actuated by the object for exerting a rotative force upon the ro tatable member, and a closed spiral spring provided with a plurality of holes in the outer convolutions thereof acting on said rotatable member in opposition to said rotative force tocause the rotatable member to rotate as the speed of the object varies to cause said members to indicate the speed attained, substantially as described.

5. A speed gage, having, in combination, an indicator arranged to be rotated and to be moved along the axis of rotation and provided with a series of helically ar-anged graduations to indicate a given range of speeds, a indicator to indicate the particular graduation corresponding to the speed attained by the object the speed of which is to be indicated, means actuated by the object for: xerting a rotative force on the movable indicator, means for moving said indicator along the axis of rotation when said indicator is rotated, and a closed conical spiral spring acting on the movable indicater in opposition to said rotative force to cause the indicator to rotate and to move along the axis of rotation as the speed of the object varies to bring each graduation opposite the fixed indicator the object attains the speed indicated by the graduation, substantially as described.

6. A. speed gage, having, in combination, a casing provided with a window, a cylindrical indicator provided with a series of 'graduations to indicate a given range of speeds, said series extending around the cylindrical surface of the indicator a plurality of times, means actuated by the object of which the speed is to be indicated for exerting a rotative force on the indicator varying with the speed of the object the speed of which is to be indicated, and a closed spiral spring acting on the indicator in. opposition tosaid rotative force to cause the indicator to make a plurality of revolutions as the speed of the object varies through the range tor which the indicator is designed, and cooperating with said force to bring each graduation oppositesaid Window as the object attains the speed indicatedby the graduation, substantially as described.

7. A. speed gage, having, in combination, a casing, indicating mechanism and'operating fluid therein, a drive shaft entering the casing, a. bearing sleeve for the shaft extending from the casing at a point below to a point above the level of the operating fluid, and means for forcing the fluid away from the upper end of the bearing sleeve, substantially as described.

8. A speed gage, having, in combination, a casing, indicating mechanism and operat ing fluid therein, a drive shaft entering the casing, a bearing sleeve for the shaft extending from the casing at a point below to a point above the level of the operating fluid, a driving sleeve surrounding the bearing sleeve and provided with a helical rib and with a bevel gear for actuating the indicating mechanism, and connections between the drive shaft and the driving sleeve, substantially as" described.

9. A speed gage, having, in combination, a casing, indicating mechanism and operating fluid therein, a drive shaft entering the casing, a bearing sleeve for the shaft extending from the casing at a point below to a a casing, indicating mechanism and operat- "aca'sing, in'di ating mechanism and operatand at its lower tending -ca e of fluid through the bearing sleeve,

the indicating sleeve, a gear carrie nect the shaft to the driving sleeve, substantially as described.

14. A speed gage, having, in combination, a casing, indicating mechanism and operatingfluid therein, a drive shaft entering the casing, a bearing in the casin g for the'shaft, and means driven by the shait fer actuating said mechanism and for acting upon the fluid to force it away from the end of the bearing to prevent the escape of fluid through the bearing, substantially as described.

15. A-speed gage, having, in combination, a casing, indicating mechanism and operating fluid therein, casing for actuating said mechanism, connections between the shaftv and said mechanism, a bearing for the shaft, one end of the bearing being normally above the level of the operating fluid, and an expansion chamber between .said end of the bearing and the normal. level of the fluid, substan tially as described.

16. A speed gage,

point above the level of the operating fluid, a driving sl 'eve surrounding the bearing sleeve and provided with a helical rib and with'a bevel gear for actuating the indicating mechanism, and driving connections between the drive shaft and driving sleeve for rotating the latter only in one direction, substantially as described.

. 10. A speed gage, having, in combination, a casing, indicating mechanism and opera& ing fluid therein, a drive shaft entering the casing, a bearing sleeve for the shaft extending from the casing at a point below to a point above the level of the operating fluid, a driving sleeve surrounding the bearing sleeve and provided at its upper end with an aperture of greater diameter than the outsidediameter of the bearing sleeve end with a gear for actuat ing the indicating mechanism, and connections between the drive shaft and the driving sleeve, substantially as described.

11. A speed gage, having, in combination, a casing, indicating mechanism and operating fluid therein, a drive shaft entering the casing, a bearing sleeve for the shaft exfrom the casing at a point below to a point above the level of the operating fluid, a drivin sleeve surrounding the bearing sleeve an carrying a gear for actuating the indicating mechanism, connections between. the drive shaft and the driving sleeve and spring-pressed means for preventing the eshaving, in combination, a casing, indicating mechanism and operating fluid therein, a drive shaft entering the casing for actuating said mechanism, connections between the shaft and said mechanism, a bearing vfor the shaft, and an eX- pansion chamber between the end of said bearing and the normal level of the operating fluid, substantially as described. 4

17. A speed gage, having, in combination, a casing, indicating mechanism and operatin fluid therein, actuating mechanism therefor including a rotary member, the lower portion of which is below and the upper portion of which is above the norni al or su stantially as described.

12 speed gage, having,

in combination,

ing fluid therein, a drive'shaft entering the casing, and provided with a collar at its upper end, a bearing sleeve for the shaft extending from the casing at a point below to a point above the level of the operating fluid, a driving sleeve surrounding the bearing sleeve and carrying a gear fo'r'ectuating mechanism, connections between the drive shaft and the driving sleeve anda spring for holding thecollar in close enga' ement with the top of the bearing sleeve, substantially as described.

13. A speed gage, having,

level of the operating fluid, a bearing said member, the contact her and the bearing being interrupted at a point intermediate the normal level of the operating fluid and the upper end oi. the member and bearing to limit the upward movement of the operating fluid between the bearing surfaces, substantially as described.

18. A speed gage, having,'in combination, a casing, indicating mechanism and operat ing fluid therein, actuating mechanism therefor including a rotary member, a bearing for'said member having its upper en in combination,.

ing fluid the" ein, a'drlving shaft enterin the c-asing, a collar secured to the upper en "above the normallevel' of the fluid and an of said shaft, a pawl carried b the collar, expansion chamber between the normal level a bearing .sleeve for the she t extending of thefluid and the upper end 0t said bearfrom the casingat a point below to a'point ing, substantially as described. I above the level of the operating fluid, a In testimony whereof I aflix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

driving sleeve surrounding the bearing I LOUIS CASGRAIN.

by the driving sleeve for actuating the indicating mechanism, and a shoulder on the driving sleeve arranged. to be engaged by the pawl when thedrive shaft is rotated in one direction only'tocon- Witnesses: Anrnnu H. Hrnnnnrn, WARREN Gr. Osman.

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner Washington, D. C.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for between the mem I 

